lunedì 11 marzo 2019

SIMENON SIMENON. THE AMATEUR DETECTIVE IN “MAIGRET ENJOYS HIMSELF”

On the unique specifics of how, even on vacation, Maigret gets the job done 

SIMENON SIMENON. LE DETECTIVE AMATEUR DANS “MAIGRET S’AMUSE” 
Les spécificités uniques de Maigret, quandmême en vacancesil fait le boulot 
SIMENON SIMENON. L'INVESTIGATORE DILETTANTE IN "MAIGRET SI DIVERTE"
Le  originali caratteristiche di Maigret, quando anche in vacanza, fa il suo lavoro


In this atypical and clever novel—Penguin released a modern English translation released in 2018—the author presents the delightful story of a Maigret on vacation while remaining in Paris where a murder case suddenly explodes. Having promised Madame Maigret to stay out of the office and not have contact with the police force, he does not get involved—directly. “For once, he was only a spectator” and “only a member of the public, not a policeman.” However, because “it amuses him to play amateur detective,” the vacationer ends up solving the case in less than a week. Here is a rundown with numbers of the ‘offstage’ techniques Simenon provides the reader to see how Maigret accomplishes this: 
Newspapers are Maigret’s primary source of information. In fact, the blunt headline—A CORPSE IN A CLOSET—piques his curiosity, and so, every single day, he reads all 3 of the morning and both of the 2 afternoon newspapers. The result is a total of 25 reads in 10 sessions over 5 days. Despite feeling “a little ashamed to be doing nothing,” Maigret senses the papers “are going to give meaning to his holidays” and so, “like newspaper readers all over France,” he follows the case meticulously, even building “a Manila folder as he does in the office.” Whether it is the nature of journalism at the time or simply the novelist’s means of amplification, some articles are quite long, extending to as many as 7 pages in the paperback novel. Although some reports are “very incomplete” and the photos are not very helpful, the articles provide him with many facts and add considerable fuel to his fire. One sees him vacillate between feeling “jealous” of the man left in charge (Janvier, one of “Maigret’s Faithful Four” as dubbed by Murielle Wenger) and feeling “guilty for acting like the public” and feeling “frustrated” by the “empty” rehashes and lack of “answers” in the papers. Indeed, the eventual headline “HAVE THEY CALLED UPON MAIGRET?” threatens a break in the promise to his wife not to interrupt their vacation. 
Phone calls of inquiry are triggered as Maigret reasons, speculates, and questions. He makes a total of 4 calls although never a single one to the inspector handling the case. Because the two men Maigret comes to suspect happen to be doctors, he calls Doctor Pardon 2 times for help. The details forthcoming from his friend contribute significantly to Maigret’s deductive process and progress. The 3rd phone call goes to the very prolific and most involved reporter, Lassagne. Of course, Maigret “disguised his voice as best he could,” not only to make it “anonymous,” but also because “he felt pretty ridiculous playing the role of the nuts who always call journalists.” In any case, the questions he raises get answered in Lassagne’s next article. The 4th and final call goes to a ‘person of interest’ who is out-of-town. Again disguising his voice, Maigret pretends to be the murderer he is homing in on and he succeeds in getting a crucial question answered, thereby cementing his construct of the crime. 
Notes are yet another tool. Handwritten in bold childlike printing and unsigned, they are 3 in number, and all go to Janvier. The 1st reads BUT WHY IN THE DEVIL WAS SHE NUDE? and, much later on, the 2nd reads IF I WERE YOU, I’D GO TO CONCARNEAU. The 3rd and final note, hand delivered by a boy paid to lie about its sender, arrives while Janvier is interrogating Maigret’s eventual pick and proves to be the case clincher. (Text omitted for it is a spoiler.) 
Other media sources of information (2) for the “amateur detective” crop up while the vacationing Maigrets are dining out and at the movies. The 1st is a radio broadcast accidentally overheard in a restaurant. The 2nd is a movie screen news flash in a theater. Both provide Maigret with useful, informative updates. Of note, television plays no role in his investigation, and Simenon relies on a newspaper to explain this with its “long article on the [distant] future for television.” 
Although “Maigret had never seen any of the characters in this drama in their flesh and blood,” he effectively (and familiarly) “puts himself in people’s skin” by the end of the case. Thus, the Chief Inspector gets to “enjoy himself,” sitting in a bar across from police headquarters from which he can hear his choice get locked up as a murderer and watch Janvier drive home as a winner. A wonderful Simenonian final touch is the unsigned postcard Maigret receives while still on vacation. There are only two words—THANKS, BOSS.

David P Simmons 

domenica 10 marzo 2019

LES ADVERSAIRES DE MAIGRET

Portraits de quelques criminels dans la saga 

SIMENON SIMENON. GLI AVVERSARI DI MAIGRET 
Ritratti di alcuni criminali nella saga 
SIMENON SIMENON. MAIGRET'S OPPONENTS 
Portraits of some criminals in the saga 

Les interrogations de Maigret sur la responsabilité 

Nous avons déjà évoqué le thème de la folie meurtrière, et des interrogations de Maigret sur la responsabilité. Si dans le cas d'Hubert Vernoux (Maigret a peur), on pouvait assez facilement diagnostiquer la folie, d'autres cas se sont révélés plus difficiles pour Maigret. Par exemple celui de Mme Parendon dans Maigret hésite. Tout le roman tourne autour de cette question de la responsabilité, symbolisée par cet article 64 du Code pénal, qui traite justement de ce sujet: si un individu a commis un meurtre alors qu'il était en état de démence, est-il responsable de ses actes ? Maigret va passer une bonne partie de son enquête à essayer de détecter la part de démence latente chez Mme Parendon, et parce qu'il pense que la nature humaine est trop complexe pour qu'on puisse établir des catégories toutes faites, il n'aura pas de réponse définitive. Si on peut trouver des motifs au crime, aucun n'est totalement suffisant en soi. Et le commissaire, tout en évoquant la possible folie de la coupable, se garde bien de poser un diagnostic définitif, parce qu'il se refuse aussi bien à décider qu'à juger…  

Ainsi se termine cette rubrique sur ce thème. Nous aurions pu évoquer encore d'autres personnages de criminels, qui ne manquent pas dans la saga, mais nous pensons que le choix que nous avons fait montre bien la façon dont Maigret – et par-delà son créateur – envisage la question du meurtre, et l'évolution dans ses réflexions. Dès les débuts de la saga, il s'est refusé à juger, préférant chercher à comprendre les motivations des criminels. Et plus le temps a passé, plus il en est venu à poser des interrogations, auxquelles il est si difficile de répondre. Et c'est là que l'on voit combien les romans de la saga sont éloignés du genre policier: tout en utilisant le truchement de l'énigme d'un meurtre à résoudre, Simenon traite de thèmes qui vont bien au-delà, et qui se réfèrent à des questions fondamentales sur la condition humaine… 


Le domande di Maigret sulla responsabilità 

Abbiamo già evocato il tema della follia omicida e delle domande che Maigret si pone sulla responsabilità. Se nel caso di Hubert Vernoux (Maigret a peur), si può abbastanza facilmente  diagnosticare la follia, in altri casi si è rivelato più difficile per Maigret. Per esempio quello di M.me Parendon in Maigret hésite. Tutto il romanzo gira intorno alla questione della responsabilità, simbolizzata  dall’articolo 64 del Codice di procedura Penale che giusto tratta il caso: se un individuo ha commesso un omicidio quando non era in stato di intendere e di volere, è responsable dei propri atti? Maigret passa buona parte della sua inchiesta ad indagare la follia latente di M.me Parendon e, siccome è convinto che la natura umana sia troppo complessa per poter stabilire delle categorie ben delimitate, non avrà delle risposte definitive. Se si possono trovare dei motivi ad un crimine, nessuno è totalmente sufficiente in sé a spiegarlo. E il commissario, evocando la possibile follia della colpevole, si guarda bene dall’esprimere una diagnosi definitiva, perché si rifiuta sia di decidere che di giudicare. 

Cosi si conclude la rubrica su questo tema degli avversari. Avremmo potuto evocare altri personaggi criminali, che non mancano nella serie, ma riteniamo che la scelta operata mostri compiutamente il modo in cui Maigret -  e quindi anche il suo creatore – considera la questione dell’omicidio e l’evolversi delle sue riflessioni. Sin dagli inizi della serie si rifiuta di giudicare, preferendo la sforzo di comprendere le motivazioni dei criminali. E più il tempo passa, e più si è andato ponendo delle domande  alle quali è sempre difficile rispondere. Ed è proprio in questi elementi che si capisce come i romanzi della serie si allontanino dal genere poliziesco: pur utilizzando lo strumento dell’enigma di un omicidio da risolvere, Simenon tratta dei temi che vanno ben aldilà e che si riferiscono a delle questioni fondamentali sulla condizione umana… 


Maigret's questioning about responsibility 

We already talked about the theme of murderous madness, and Maigret's questioning about responsibility. If in Hubert Vernoux's case (Maigret is Afraid) madness could rather easily be diagnosed, other cases were much more difficult for Maigret to deal with. For example Mme Parendon's case in Maigret HesitatesThe whole novel revolves around this question of responsibility, symbolized by this article 64 of the Penal Code, which treats precisely this theme: if someone committed a murder while he was in a state of insanity, is he responsible for his acts? Maigret will spend a good part of his investigation trying to detect the part of latent insanity in Mme Parendon, and because he thinks that human nature is far too complex so that we could establish ready-made categories, he won't have any definitive answer. Motives for the crime can be found, but none is totally sufficient in itself. And the Chief Inspector, while thinking of the culprit's possible madness, is careful not to make a definitive diagnosis, for he refuses as well to decide as to judge... 

This is the end of this column about this topic. We could speak about other criminal characters, which are not lacking in the saga, but we think the choice we made shows well the way Maigret – and his creator – considers murder, and the evolution in his reflections. From the beginning of the saga he refused to judge, preferring to try to understand the criminals' motivations. The more time passed, the more he came to ask questions, which were so hard to answer. Thus we see how much the Maigret novels are far away from the detective genre: while using the medium of the mystery about a murder that has to be solved, Simenon treats themes that go far beyond, and are referring to fundamental questioning about human condition… 

Murielle Wenger